/* mpitests.c - basic mpi tests * Copyright (C) 2001, 2002, 2003, 2006 Free Software Foundation, Inc. * Copyright (C) 2013 g10 Code GmbH * * This file is part of Libgcrypt. * * Libgcrypt is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify * it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as * published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of * the License, or (at your option) any later version. * * Libgcrypt is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the * GNU Lesser General Public License for more details. * * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public * License along with this program; if not, see . */ #ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H #include #endif #include #include #include #include #ifdef _GCRYPT_IN_LIBGCRYPT # include "../src/gcrypt-int.h" #else # include #endif #define PGM "mpitests" #include "t-common.h" /* Set up some test patterns */ /* 48 bytes with value 1: this results in 8 limbs for 64bit limbs, 16limb for 32 bit limbs */ unsigned char ones[] = { 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01 }; /* 48 bytes with value 2: this results in 8 limbs for 64bit limbs, 16limb for 32 bit limbs */ unsigned char twos[] = { 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02 }; /* 48 bytes with value 3: this results in 8 limbs for 64bit limbs, 16limb for 32 bit limbs */ unsigned char threes[] = { 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03 }; /* 48 bytes with value 0x80: this results in 8 limbs for 64bit limbs, 16limb for 32 bit limbs */ unsigned char eighties[] = { 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80 }; /* 48 bytes with value 0xff: this results in 8 limbs for 64bit limbs, 16limb for 32 bit limbs */ unsigned char manyff[] = { 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff }; static int test_const_and_immutable (void) { gcry_mpi_t one, second_one; one = gcry_mpi_set_ui (NULL, 1); if (gcry_mpi_get_flag (one, GCRYMPI_FLAG_IMMUTABLE) || gcry_mpi_get_flag (one, GCRYMPI_FLAG_CONST)) die ("immutable or const flag initially set\n"); second_one = gcry_mpi_copy (one); if (gcry_mpi_get_flag (second_one, GCRYMPI_FLAG_IMMUTABLE)) die ("immutable flag set after copy\n"); if (gcry_mpi_get_flag (second_one, GCRYMPI_FLAG_CONST)) die ("const flag set after copy\n"); gcry_mpi_release (second_one); gcry_mpi_set_flag (one, GCRYMPI_FLAG_IMMUTABLE); if (!gcry_mpi_get_flag (one, GCRYMPI_FLAG_IMMUTABLE)) die ("failed to set immutable flag\n"); if (gcry_mpi_get_flag (one, GCRYMPI_FLAG_CONST)) die ("const flag unexpectly set\n"); second_one = gcry_mpi_copy (one); if (gcry_mpi_get_flag (second_one, GCRYMPI_FLAG_IMMUTABLE)) die ("immutable flag not cleared after copy\n"); if (gcry_mpi_get_flag (second_one, GCRYMPI_FLAG_CONST)) die ("const flag unexpectly set after copy\n"); gcry_mpi_release (second_one); gcry_mpi_clear_flag (one, GCRYMPI_FLAG_IMMUTABLE); if (gcry_mpi_get_flag (one, GCRYMPI_FLAG_IMMUTABLE)) die ("failed to clear immutable flag\n"); if (gcry_mpi_get_flag (one, GCRYMPI_FLAG_CONST)) die ("const flag unexpectly set\n"); gcry_mpi_set_flag (one, GCRYMPI_FLAG_CONST); if (!gcry_mpi_get_flag (one, GCRYMPI_FLAG_CONST)) die ("failed to set const flag\n"); if (!gcry_mpi_get_flag (one, GCRYMPI_FLAG_IMMUTABLE)) die ("failed to set immutable flag with const flag\n"); second_one = gcry_mpi_copy (one); if (gcry_mpi_get_flag (second_one, GCRYMPI_FLAG_IMMUTABLE)) die ("immutable flag not cleared after copy\n"); if (gcry_mpi_get_flag (second_one, GCRYMPI_FLAG_CONST)) die ("const flag not cleared after copy\n"); gcry_mpi_release (second_one); gcry_mpi_clear_flag (one, GCRYMPI_FLAG_IMMUTABLE); if (!gcry_mpi_get_flag (one, GCRYMPI_FLAG_IMMUTABLE)) die ("clearing immutable flag not ignored for a constant MPI\n"); if (!gcry_mpi_get_flag (one, GCRYMPI_FLAG_CONST)) die ("const flag unexpectly cleared\n"); second_one = gcry_mpi_set (NULL, GCRYMPI_CONST_ONE); if (gcry_mpi_get_flag (second_one, GCRYMPI_FLAG_IMMUTABLE)) die ("immutable flag not cleared by mpi_set (NULL,x)\n"); if (gcry_mpi_get_flag (second_one, GCRYMPI_FLAG_CONST)) die ("const flag not cleared by mpi_set (NULL,x)\n"); gcry_mpi_release (second_one); second_one = gcry_mpi_set_ui (NULL, 42); gcry_mpi_set (second_one, GCRYMPI_CONST_ONE); if (gcry_mpi_get_flag (second_one, GCRYMPI_FLAG_IMMUTABLE)) die ("immutable flag not cleared after mpi_set (a,x)\n"); if (gcry_mpi_get_flag (second_one, GCRYMPI_FLAG_CONST)) die ("const flag not cleared mpi_set (a,x)\n"); gcry_mpi_release (second_one); /* Due to the the constant flag the release below should be a NOP and will leak memory. */ gcry_mpi_release (one); return 1; } static void test_opaque (void) { gcry_mpi_t a; char *p; unsigned int nbits; p = gcry_xstrdup ("This is a test buffer"); a = gcry_mpi_set_opaque (NULL, p, 21*8+1); /* (a non byte aligned length) */ if (!gcry_mpi_get_flag (a, GCRYMPI_FLAG_OPAQUE)) die ("opaque flag not set\n"); p = gcry_mpi_get_opaque (a, &nbits); if (!p) die ("gcry_mpi_get_opaque returned NULL\n"); if (nbits != 21*8+1) die ("gcry_mpi_get_opaque returned a changed bit size\n"); if (strcmp (p, "This is a test buffer")) die ("gcry_mpi_get_opaque returned a changed buffer\n"); if (debug) gcry_log_debugmpi ("mpi", a); gcry_mpi_release (a); p = gcry_xstrdup ("This is a test buffer"); a = gcry_mpi_set_opaque_copy (NULL, p, 21*8+1); gcry_free (p); if (!gcry_mpi_get_flag (a, GCRYMPI_FLAG_OPAQUE)) die ("opaque flag not set\n"); p = gcry_mpi_get_opaque (a, &nbits); if (!p) die ("gcry_mpi_get_opaque returned NULL\n"); if (nbits != 21*8+1) die ("gcry_mpi_get_opaque returned a changed bit size\n"); if (strcmp (p, "This is a test buffer")) die ("gcry_mpi_get_opaque returned a changed buffer\n"); if (debug) gcry_log_debugmpi ("mpi", a); gcry_mpi_release (a); } static void test_maxsize (void) { gpg_error_t err; gcry_mpi_t a; char buffer[2+2048]; /* For PGP: 2 length bytes and 16384 bits. */ memset (buffer, 0x55, sizeof buffer); /* We use a short buffer but a give a too large length to simulate a * programming error. In case this test fails (i.e. die() is * called) the scan function may have access data outside of BUFFER * which may result in a segv but we ignore that to avoid actually * allocating such a long buffer. */ err = gcry_mpi_scan (&a, GCRYMPI_FMT_USG, buffer, 16*1024*1024 +1, NULL); if (gpg_err_code (err) != GPG_ERR_INV_OBJ) die ("gcry_mpi_scan does not detect its generic input limit\n"); /* Now test the PGP limit. The scan code check the two length bytes * from the buffer and thus it is sufficient to fake them. */ buffer[0] = (16385 >> 8); buffer[1] = (16385 & 0xff); err = gcry_mpi_scan (&a, GCRYMPI_FMT_PGP, buffer, sizeof buffer, NULL); if (gpg_err_code (err) != GPG_ERR_INV_OBJ) die ("gcry_mpi_scan does not detect the PGP input limit\n"); buffer[0] = (16384 >> 8); buffer[1] = (16384 & 0xff); err = gcry_mpi_scan (&a, GCRYMPI_FMT_PGP, buffer, sizeof buffer, NULL); if (err) die ("gcry_mpi_scan did not parse a large PGP: %s\n", gpg_strerror (err)); gcry_mpi_release (a); } static void test_cmp (void) { gpg_error_t rc; gcry_mpi_t zero, zero2; gcry_mpi_t one; gcry_mpi_t two; gcry_mpi_t all_ones; gcry_mpi_t opa1, opa2; gcry_mpi_t opa1s, opa2s; gcry_mpi_t opa0, opa02; zero = gcry_mpi_new (0); zero2= gcry_mpi_set_ui (NULL, 0); one = gcry_mpi_set_ui (NULL, 1); two = gcry_mpi_set_ui (NULL, 2); rc = gcry_mpi_scan (&all_ones, GCRYMPI_FMT_USG, ones, sizeof(ones), NULL); if (rc) die ("scanning number failed at line %d", __LINE__); opa0 = gcry_mpi_set_opaque (NULL, gcry_xstrdup ("a"), 0); opa02 = gcry_mpi_set_opaque (NULL, gcry_xstrdup ("b"), 0); opa1 = gcry_mpi_set_opaque (NULL, gcry_xstrdup ("aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa"), 16*8); opa1s = gcry_mpi_set_opaque (NULL, gcry_xstrdup ("a"), 1*8); opa2 = gcry_mpi_set_opaque (NULL, gcry_xstrdup ("bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb"), 16*8); opa2s = gcry_mpi_set_opaque (NULL, gcry_xstrdup ("b"), 1*8); /* Single limb test with cmp_ui */ if (gcry_mpi_cmp_ui (zero, 0)) fail ("mpi_cmp_ui failed at line %d", __LINE__); if (!(gcry_mpi_cmp_ui (zero, 1) < 0)) fail ("mpi_cmp_ui failed at line %d", __LINE__); if (!(gcry_mpi_cmp_ui (zero, (-1)) < 0)) fail ("mpi_cmp_ui failed at line %d", __LINE__); if (gcry_mpi_cmp_ui (two, 2)) fail ("mpi_cmp_ui failed at line %d", __LINE__); if (!(gcry_mpi_cmp_ui (two, 3) < 0)) fail ("mpi_cmp_ui failed at line %d", __LINE__); if (!(gcry_mpi_cmp_ui (two, 1) > 0)) fail ("mpi_cmp_ui failed at line %d", __LINE__); /* Multi limb tests with cmp_ui. */ if (!(gcry_mpi_cmp_ui (all_ones, 0) > 0)) fail ("mpi_cmp_ui failed at line %d", __LINE__); if (!(gcry_mpi_cmp_ui (all_ones, (-1)) > 0)) fail ("mpi_cmp_ui failed at line %d", __LINE__); /* Single limb test with cmp */ if (gcry_mpi_cmp (zero, zero2)) fail ("mpi_cmp failed at line %d", __LINE__); if (!(gcry_mpi_cmp (zero, one) < 0)) fail ("mpi_cmp failed at line %d", __LINE__); if (!(gcry_mpi_cmp (one, zero) > 0)) fail ("mpi_cmp failed at line %d", __LINE__); gcry_mpi_neg (one, one); if (!(gcry_mpi_cmp (zero, one) > 0)) fail ("mpi_cmp failed at line %d", __LINE__); if (!(gcry_mpi_cmp (one, zero) < 0)) fail ("mpi_cmp failed at line %d", __LINE__); if (!(gcry_mpi_cmp (one, two) < 0)) fail ("mpi_cmp failed at line %d", __LINE__); gcry_mpi_neg (one, one); if (!(gcry_mpi_cmp (one, two) < 0)) fail ("mpi_cmp failed at line %d", __LINE__); if (!(gcry_mpi_cmp (two, one) > 0)) fail ("mpi_cmp failed at line %d", __LINE__); if (!(gcry_mpi_cmp (one, all_ones) < 0)) fail ("mpi_cmp failed at line %d", __LINE__); /* Tests with opaque values. */ if (!(gcry_mpi_cmp (opa1, one) < 0)) fail ("mpi_cmp failed at line %d", __LINE__); if (!(gcry_mpi_cmp (one, opa1) > 0)) fail ("mpi_cmp failed at line %d", __LINE__); if (!(gcry_mpi_cmp (opa0, opa02) == 0)) fail ("mpi_cmp failed at line %d", __LINE__); if (!(gcry_mpi_cmp (opa1s, opa1) < 0)) fail ("mpi_cmp failed at line %d", __LINE__); if (!(gcry_mpi_cmp (opa2, opa1s) > 0)) fail ("mpi_cmp failed at line %d", __LINE__); if (!(gcry_mpi_cmp (opa1, opa2) < 0)) fail ("mpi_cmp failed at line %d", __LINE__); if (!(gcry_mpi_cmp (opa2, opa1) > 0)) fail ("mpi_cmp failed at line %d", __LINE__); if (!(gcry_mpi_cmp (opa1, opa1) == 0)) fail ("mpi_cmp failed at line %d", __LINE__); gcry_mpi_release(opa2s); gcry_mpi_release(opa2); gcry_mpi_release(opa1s); gcry_mpi_release(opa1); gcry_mpi_release(opa02); gcry_mpi_release(opa0); gcry_mpi_release(all_ones); gcry_mpi_release(two); gcry_mpi_release(one); gcry_mpi_release(zero2); gcry_mpi_release(zero); } static int test_add (void) { gcry_mpi_t one; gcry_mpi_t two; gcry_mpi_t ff; gcry_mpi_t result; unsigned char* pc; gcry_mpi_scan(&one, GCRYMPI_FMT_USG, ones, sizeof(ones), NULL); gcry_mpi_scan(&two, GCRYMPI_FMT_USG, twos, sizeof(twos), NULL); gcry_mpi_scan(&ff, GCRYMPI_FMT_USG, manyff, sizeof(manyff), NULL); result = gcry_mpi_new(0); gcry_mpi_add(result, one, two); gcry_mpi_aprint(GCRYMPI_FMT_HEX, &pc, NULL, result); if (debug) gcry_log_debug ("Result of one plus two:\n%s\n", pc); gcry_free(pc); gcry_mpi_add(result, ff, one); gcry_mpi_aprint(GCRYMPI_FMT_HEX, &pc, NULL, result); if (debug) gcry_log_debug ("Result of ff plus one:\n%s\n", pc); gcry_free(pc); gcry_mpi_release(one); gcry_mpi_release(two); gcry_mpi_release(ff); gcry_mpi_release(result); return 1; } static int test_sub (void) { gcry_mpi_t one; gcry_mpi_t two; gcry_mpi_t result; unsigned char* pc; gcry_mpi_scan(&one, GCRYMPI_FMT_USG, ones, sizeof(ones), NULL); gcry_mpi_scan(&two, GCRYMPI_FMT_USG, twos, sizeof(twos), NULL); result = gcry_mpi_new(0); gcry_mpi_sub(result, two, one); gcry_mpi_aprint(GCRYMPI_FMT_HEX, &pc, NULL, result); if (debug) gcry_log_debug ("Result of two minus one:\n%s\n", pc); gcry_free(pc); gcry_mpi_release(one); gcry_mpi_release(two); gcry_mpi_release(result); return 1; } static int test_mul (void) { gcry_mpi_t two; gcry_mpi_t three; gcry_mpi_t result; unsigned char* pc; gcry_mpi_scan(&two, GCRYMPI_FMT_USG, twos, sizeof(twos), NULL); gcry_mpi_scan(&three, GCRYMPI_FMT_USG, threes, sizeof(threes), NULL); result = gcry_mpi_new(0); gcry_mpi_mul(result, two, three); gcry_mpi_aprint(GCRYMPI_FMT_HEX, &pc, NULL, result); if (debug) gcry_log_debug ("Result of two mul three:\n%s\n", pc); gcry_free(pc); gcry_mpi_release(two); gcry_mpi_release(three); gcry_mpi_release(result); return 1; } /* What we test here is that we don't overwrite our args and that using the same mpi for several args works. */ static int test_powm (void) { int b_int = 17; int e_int = 3; int m_int = 19; gcry_mpi_t base = gcry_mpi_set_ui (NULL, b_int); gcry_mpi_t exp = gcry_mpi_set_ui (NULL, e_int); gcry_mpi_t mod = gcry_mpi_set_ui (NULL, m_int); gcry_mpi_t res = gcry_mpi_new (0); gcry_mpi_powm (res, base, exp, mod); if (gcry_mpi_cmp_ui (base, b_int)) die ("test_powm failed for base at %d\n", __LINE__); if (gcry_mpi_cmp_ui (exp, e_int)) die ("test_powm_ui failed for exp at %d\n", __LINE__); if (gcry_mpi_cmp_ui (mod, m_int)) die ("test_powm failed for mod at %d\n", __LINE__); /* Check using base for the result. */ gcry_mpi_set_ui (base, b_int); gcry_mpi_set_ui (exp, e_int); gcry_mpi_set_ui(mod, m_int); gcry_mpi_powm (base, base, exp, mod); if (gcry_mpi_cmp (res, base)) die ("test_powm failed at %d\n", __LINE__); if (gcry_mpi_cmp_ui (exp, e_int)) die ("test_powm_ui failed for exp at %d\n", __LINE__); if (gcry_mpi_cmp_ui (mod, m_int)) die ("test_powm failed for mod at %d\n", __LINE__); /* Check using exp for the result. */ gcry_mpi_set_ui (base, b_int); gcry_mpi_set_ui (exp, e_int); gcry_mpi_set_ui(mod, m_int); gcry_mpi_powm (exp, base, exp, mod); if (gcry_mpi_cmp (res, exp)) die ("test_powm failed at %d\n", __LINE__); if (gcry_mpi_cmp_ui (base, b_int)) die ("test_powm failed for base at %d\n", __LINE__); if (gcry_mpi_cmp_ui (mod, m_int)) die ("test_powm failed for mod at %d\n", __LINE__); /* Check using mod for the result. */ gcry_mpi_set_ui (base, b_int); gcry_mpi_set_ui (exp, e_int); gcry_mpi_set_ui(mod, m_int); gcry_mpi_powm (mod, base, exp, mod); if (gcry_mpi_cmp (res, mod)) die ("test_powm failed at %d\n", __LINE__); if (gcry_mpi_cmp_ui (base, b_int)) die ("test_powm failed for base at %d\n", __LINE__); if (gcry_mpi_cmp_ui (exp, e_int)) die ("test_powm_ui failed for exp at %d\n", __LINE__); /* Now check base ^ base mod mod. */ gcry_mpi_set_ui (base, b_int); gcry_mpi_set_ui(mod, m_int); gcry_mpi_powm (res, base, base, mod); if (gcry_mpi_cmp_ui (base, b_int)) die ("test_powm failed for base at %d\n", __LINE__); if (gcry_mpi_cmp_ui (mod, m_int)) die ("test_powm failed for mod at %d\n", __LINE__); /* Check base ^ base mod mod with base as result. */ gcry_mpi_set_ui (base, b_int); gcry_mpi_set_ui(mod, m_int); gcry_mpi_powm (base, base, base, mod); if (gcry_mpi_cmp (res, base)) die ("test_powm failed at %d\n", __LINE__); if (gcry_mpi_cmp_ui (mod, m_int)) die ("test_powm failed for mod at %d\n", __LINE__); /* Check base ^ base mod mod with mod as result. */ gcry_mpi_set_ui (base, b_int); gcry_mpi_set_ui(mod, m_int); gcry_mpi_powm (mod, base, base, mod); if (gcry_mpi_cmp (res, mod)) die ("test_powm failed at %d\n", __LINE__); if (gcry_mpi_cmp_ui (base, b_int)) die ("test_powm failed for base at %d\n", __LINE__); /* Now check base ^ base mod base. */ gcry_mpi_set_ui (base, b_int); gcry_mpi_powm (res, base, base, base); if (gcry_mpi_cmp_ui (base, b_int)) die ("test_powm failed for base at %d\n", __LINE__); /* Check base ^ base mod base with base as result. */ gcry_mpi_set_ui (base, b_int); gcry_mpi_powm (base, base, base, base); if (gcry_mpi_cmp (res, base)) die ("test_powm failed at %d\n", __LINE__); /* Check for a case: base is negative and expo is even. */ gcry_mpi_set_ui (base, b_int); gcry_mpi_neg (base, base); gcry_mpi_set_ui (exp, e_int * 2); gcry_mpi_set_ui(mod, m_int); gcry_mpi_powm (res, base, exp, mod); /* Result should be positive and it's 7 = (-17)^6 mod 19. */ if (gcry_mpi_is_neg (res) || gcry_mpi_cmp_ui (res, 7)) { if (verbose) { fprintf (stderr, "is_neg: %d\n", gcry_mpi_is_neg (res)); fprintf (stderr, "mpi: "); gcry_mpi_dump (res); putc ('\n', stderr); } die ("test_powm failed for negative base at %d\n", __LINE__); } gcry_mpi_release (base); gcry_mpi_release (exp); gcry_mpi_release (mod); gcry_mpi_release (res); /* Fixme: We should add the rest of the cases of course. */ return 1; } int main (int argc, char* argv[]) { if (argc > 1 && !strcmp (argv[1], "--verbose")) verbose = 1; else if (argc > 1 && !strcmp (argv[1], "--debug")) verbose = debug = 1; if (!gcry_check_version (GCRYPT_VERSION)) { fputs ("version mismatch\n", stderr); exit (1); } xgcry_control(GCRYCTL_DISABLE_SECMEM); test_const_and_immutable (); test_opaque (); test_maxsize (); test_cmp (); test_add (); test_sub (); test_mul (); test_powm (); return !!error_count; }