// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only /* * AMD CPU Microcode Update Driver for Linux * * This driver allows to upgrade microcode on F10h AMD * CPUs and later. * * Copyright (C) 2008-2011 Advanced Micro Devices Inc. * 2013-2018 Borislav Petkov * * Author: Peter Oruba * * Based on work by: * Tigran Aivazian * * early loader: * Copyright (C) 2013 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. * * Author: Jacob Shin * Fixes: Borislav Petkov */ #define pr_fmt(fmt) "microcode: " fmt #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include static struct equiv_cpu_table { unsigned int num_entries; struct equiv_cpu_entry *entry; } equiv_table; /* * This points to the current valid container of microcode patches which we will * save from the initrd/builtin before jettisoning its contents. @mc is the * microcode patch we found to match. */ struct cont_desc { struct microcode_amd *mc; u32 cpuid_1_eax; u32 psize; u8 *data; size_t size; }; static u32 ucode_new_rev; /* One blob per node. */ static u8 amd_ucode_patch[MAX_NUMNODES][PATCH_MAX_SIZE]; /* * Microcode patch container file is prepended to the initrd in cpio * format. See Documentation/x86/microcode.rst */ static const char ucode_path[] __maybe_unused = "kernel/x86/microcode/AuthenticAMD.bin"; static u16 find_equiv_id(struct equiv_cpu_table *et, u32 sig) { unsigned int i; if (!et || !et->num_entries) return 0; for (i = 0; i < et->num_entries; i++) { struct equiv_cpu_entry *e = &et->entry[i]; if (sig == e->installed_cpu) return e->equiv_cpu; e++; } return 0; } /* * Check whether there is a valid microcode container file at the beginning * of @buf of size @buf_size. Set @early to use this function in the early path. */ static bool verify_container(const u8 *buf, size_t buf_size, bool early) { u32 cont_magic; if (buf_size <= CONTAINER_HDR_SZ) { if (!early) pr_debug("Truncated microcode container header.\n"); return false; } cont_magic = *(const u32 *)buf; if (cont_magic != UCODE_MAGIC) { if (!early) pr_debug("Invalid magic value (0x%08x).\n", cont_magic); return false; } return true; } /* * Check whether there is a valid, non-truncated CPU equivalence table at the * beginning of @buf of size @buf_size. Set @early to use this function in the * early path. */ static bool verify_equivalence_table(const u8 *buf, size_t buf_size, bool early) { const u32 *hdr = (const u32 *)buf; u32 cont_type, equiv_tbl_len; if (!verify_container(buf, buf_size, early)) return false; cont_type = hdr[1]; if (cont_type != UCODE_EQUIV_CPU_TABLE_TYPE) { if (!early) pr_debug("Wrong microcode container equivalence table type: %u.\n", cont_type); return false; } buf_size -= CONTAINER_HDR_SZ; equiv_tbl_len = hdr[2]; if (equiv_tbl_len < sizeof(struct equiv_cpu_entry) || buf_size < equiv_tbl_len) { if (!early) pr_debug("Truncated equivalence table.\n"); return false; } return true; } /* * Check whether there is a valid, non-truncated microcode patch section at the * beginning of @buf of size @buf_size. Set @early to use this function in the * early path. * * On success, @sh_psize returns the patch size according to the section header, * to the caller. */ static bool __verify_patch_section(const u8 *buf, size_t buf_size, u32 *sh_psize, bool early) { u32 p_type, p_size; const u32 *hdr; if (buf_size < SECTION_HDR_SIZE) { if (!early) pr_debug("Truncated patch section.\n"); return false; } hdr = (const u32 *)buf; p_type = hdr[0]; p_size = hdr[1]; if (p_type != UCODE_UCODE_TYPE) { if (!early) pr_debug("Invalid type field (0x%x) in container file section header.\n", p_type); return false; } if (p_size < sizeof(struct microcode_header_amd)) { if (!early) pr_debug("Patch of size %u too short.\n", p_size); return false; } *sh_psize = p_size; return true; } /* * Check whether the passed remaining file @buf_size is large enough to contain * a patch of the indicated @sh_psize (and also whether this size does not * exceed the per-family maximum). @sh_psize is the size read from the section * header. */ static unsigned int __verify_patch_size(u8 family, u32 sh_psize, size_t buf_size) { u32 max_size; if (family >= 0x15) return min_t(u32, sh_psize, buf_size); #define F1XH_MPB_MAX_SIZE 2048 #define F14H_MPB_MAX_SIZE 1824 switch (family) { case 0x10 ... 0x12: max_size = F1XH_MPB_MAX_SIZE; break; case 0x14: max_size = F14H_MPB_MAX_SIZE; break; default: WARN(1, "%s: WTF family: 0x%x\n", __func__, family); return 0; } if (sh_psize > min_t(u32, buf_size, max_size)) return 0; return sh_psize; } /* * Verify the patch in @buf. * * Returns: * negative: on error * positive: patch is not for this family, skip it * 0: success */ static int verify_patch(u8 family, const u8 *buf, size_t buf_size, u32 *patch_size, bool early) { struct microcode_header_amd *mc_hdr; unsigned int ret; u32 sh_psize; u16 proc_id; u8 patch_fam; if (!__verify_patch_section(buf, buf_size, &sh_psize, early)) return -1; /* * The section header length is not included in this indicated size * but is present in the leftover file length so we need to subtract * it before passing this value to the function below. */ buf_size -= SECTION_HDR_SIZE; /* * Check if the remaining buffer is big enough to contain a patch of * size sh_psize, as the section claims. */ if (buf_size < sh_psize) { if (!early) pr_debug("Patch of size %u truncated.\n", sh_psize); return -1; } ret = __verify_patch_size(family, sh_psize, buf_size); if (!ret) { if (!early) pr_debug("Per-family patch size mismatch.\n"); return -1; } *patch_size = sh_psize; mc_hdr = (struct microcode_header_amd *)(buf + SECTION_HDR_SIZE); if (mc_hdr->nb_dev_id || mc_hdr->sb_dev_id) { if (!early) pr_err("Patch-ID 0x%08x: chipset-specific code unsupported.\n", mc_hdr->patch_id); return -1; } proc_id = mc_hdr->processor_rev_id; patch_fam = 0xf + (proc_id >> 12); if (patch_fam != family) return 1; return 0; } /* * This scans the ucode blob for the proper container as we can have multiple * containers glued together. Returns the equivalence ID from the equivalence * table or 0 if none found. * Returns the amount of bytes consumed while scanning. @desc contains all the * data we're going to use in later stages of the application. */ static size_t parse_container(u8 *ucode, size_t size, struct cont_desc *desc) { struct equiv_cpu_table table; size_t orig_size = size; u32 *hdr = (u32 *)ucode; u16 eq_id; u8 *buf; if (!verify_equivalence_table(ucode, size, true)) return 0; buf = ucode; table.entry = (struct equiv_cpu_entry *)(buf + CONTAINER_HDR_SZ); table.num_entries = hdr[2] / sizeof(struct equiv_cpu_entry); /* * Find the equivalence ID of our CPU in this table. Even if this table * doesn't contain a patch for the CPU, scan through the whole container * so that it can be skipped in case there are other containers appended. */ eq_id = find_equiv_id(&table, desc->cpuid_1_eax); buf += hdr[2] + CONTAINER_HDR_SZ; size -= hdr[2] + CONTAINER_HDR_SZ; /* * Scan through the rest of the container to find where it ends. We do * some basic sanity-checking too. */ while (size > 0) { struct microcode_amd *mc; u32 patch_size; int ret; ret = verify_patch(x86_family(desc->cpuid_1_eax), buf, size, &patch_size, true); if (ret < 0) { /* * Patch verification failed, skip to the next * container, if there's one: */ goto out; } else if (ret > 0) { goto skip; } mc = (struct microcode_amd *)(buf + SECTION_HDR_SIZE); if (eq_id == mc->hdr.processor_rev_id) { desc->psize = patch_size; desc->mc = mc; } skip: /* Skip patch section header too: */ buf += patch_size + SECTION_HDR_SIZE; size -= patch_size + SECTION_HDR_SIZE; } /* * If we have found a patch (desc->mc), it means we're looking at the * container which has a patch for this CPU so return 0 to mean, @ucode * already points to the proper container. Otherwise, we return the size * we scanned so that we can advance to the next container in the * buffer. */ if (desc->mc) { desc->data = ucode; desc->size = orig_size - size; return 0; } out: return orig_size - size; } /* * Scan the ucode blob for the proper container as we can have multiple * containers glued together. */ static void scan_containers(u8 *ucode, size_t size, struct cont_desc *desc) { while (size) { size_t s = parse_container(ucode, size, desc); if (!s) return; /* catch wraparound */ if (size >= s) { ucode += s; size -= s; } else { return; } } } static int __apply_microcode_amd(struct microcode_amd *mc) { u32 rev, dummy; native_wrmsrl(MSR_AMD64_PATCH_LOADER, (u64)(long)&mc->hdr.data_code); /* verify patch application was successful */ native_rdmsr(MSR_AMD64_PATCH_LEVEL, rev, dummy); if (rev != mc->hdr.patch_id) return -1; return 0; } /* * Early load occurs before we can vmalloc(). So we look for the microcode * patch container file in initrd, traverse equivalent cpu table, look for a * matching microcode patch, and update, all in initrd memory in place. * When vmalloc() is available for use later -- on 64-bit during first AP load, * and on 32-bit during save_microcode_in_initrd_amd() -- we can call * load_microcode_amd() to save equivalent cpu table and microcode patches in * kernel heap memory. * * Returns true if container found (sets @desc), false otherwise. */ static bool apply_microcode_early_amd(u32 cpuid_1_eax, void *ucode, size_t size, bool save_patch) { struct cont_desc desc = { 0 }; u8 (*patch)[PATCH_MAX_SIZE]; struct microcode_amd *mc; u32 rev, dummy, *new_rev; bool ret = false; #ifdef CONFIG_X86_32 new_rev = (u32 *)__pa_nodebug(&ucode_new_rev); patch = (u8 (*)[PATCH_MAX_SIZE])__pa_nodebug(&amd_ucode_patch); #else new_rev = &ucode_new_rev; patch = &amd_ucode_patch[0]; #endif desc.cpuid_1_eax = cpuid_1_eax; scan_containers(ucode, size, &desc); mc = desc.mc; if (!mc) return ret; native_rdmsr(MSR_AMD64_PATCH_LEVEL, rev, dummy); /* * Allow application of the same revision to pick up SMT-specific * changes even if the revision of the other SMT thread is already * up-to-date. */ if (rev > mc->hdr.patch_id) return ret; if (!__apply_microcode_amd(mc)) { *new_rev = mc->hdr.patch_id; ret = true; if (save_patch) memcpy(patch, mc, min_t(u32, desc.psize, PATCH_MAX_SIZE)); } return ret; } static bool get_builtin_microcode(struct cpio_data *cp, unsigned int family) { #ifdef CONFIG_X86_64 char fw_name[36] = "amd-ucode/microcode_amd.bin"; if (family >= 0x15) snprintf(fw_name, sizeof(fw_name), "amd-ucode/microcode_amd_fam%.2xh.bin", family); return get_builtin_firmware(cp, fw_name); #else return false; #endif } static void __load_ucode_amd(unsigned int cpuid_1_eax, struct cpio_data *ret) { struct ucode_cpu_info *uci; struct cpio_data cp; const char *path; bool use_pa; if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_X86_32)) { uci = (struct ucode_cpu_info *)__pa_nodebug(ucode_cpu_info); path = (const char *)__pa_nodebug(ucode_path); use_pa = true; } else { uci = ucode_cpu_info; path = ucode_path; use_pa = false; } if (!get_builtin_microcode(&cp, x86_family(cpuid_1_eax))) cp = find_microcode_in_initrd(path, use_pa); /* Needed in load_microcode_amd() */ uci->cpu_sig.sig = cpuid_1_eax; *ret = cp; } void __init load_ucode_amd_bsp(unsigned int cpuid_1_eax) { struct cpio_data cp = { }; __load_ucode_amd(cpuid_1_eax, &cp); if (!(cp.data && cp.size)) return; apply_microcode_early_amd(cpuid_1_eax, cp.data, cp.size, true); } void load_ucode_amd_ap(unsigned int cpuid_1_eax) { struct microcode_amd *mc; struct cpio_data cp; u32 *new_rev, rev, dummy; if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_X86_32)) { mc = (struct microcode_amd *)__pa_nodebug(amd_ucode_patch); new_rev = (u32 *)__pa_nodebug(&ucode_new_rev); } else { mc = (struct microcode_amd *)amd_ucode_patch; new_rev = &ucode_new_rev; } native_rdmsr(MSR_AMD64_PATCH_LEVEL, rev, dummy); /* * Check whether a new patch has been saved already. Also, allow application of * the same revision in order to pick up SMT-thread-specific configuration even * if the sibling SMT thread already has an up-to-date revision. */ if (*new_rev && rev <= mc->hdr.patch_id) { if (!__apply_microcode_amd(mc)) { *new_rev = mc->hdr.patch_id; return; } } __load_ucode_amd(cpuid_1_eax, &cp); if (!(cp.data && cp.size)) return; apply_microcode_early_amd(cpuid_1_eax, cp.data, cp.size, false); } static enum ucode_state load_microcode_amd(u8 family, const u8 *data, size_t size); int __init save_microcode_in_initrd_amd(unsigned int cpuid_1_eax) { struct cont_desc desc = { 0 }; enum ucode_state ret; struct cpio_data cp; cp = find_microcode_in_initrd(ucode_path, false); if (!(cp.data && cp.size)) return -EINVAL; desc.cpuid_1_eax = cpuid_1_eax; scan_containers(cp.data, cp.size, &desc); if (!desc.mc) return -EINVAL; ret = load_microcode_amd(x86_family(cpuid_1_eax), desc.data, desc.size); if (ret > UCODE_UPDATED) return -EINVAL; return 0; } void reload_ucode_amd(unsigned int cpu) { u32 rev, dummy __always_unused; struct microcode_amd *mc; mc = (struct microcode_amd *)amd_ucode_patch[cpu_to_node(cpu)]; rdmsr(MSR_AMD64_PATCH_LEVEL, rev, dummy); if (rev < mc->hdr.patch_id) { if (!__apply_microcode_amd(mc)) { ucode_new_rev = mc->hdr.patch_id; pr_info("reload patch_level=0x%08x\n", ucode_new_rev); } } } static u16 __find_equiv_id(unsigned int cpu) { struct ucode_cpu_info *uci = ucode_cpu_info + cpu; return find_equiv_id(&equiv_table, uci->cpu_sig.sig); } /* * a small, trivial cache of per-family ucode patches */ static struct ucode_patch *cache_find_patch(u16 equiv_cpu) { struct ucode_patch *p; list_for_each_entry(p, µcode_cache, plist) if (p->equiv_cpu == equiv_cpu) return p; return NULL; } static void update_cache(struct ucode_patch *new_patch) { struct ucode_patch *p; list_for_each_entry(p, µcode_cache, plist) { if (p->equiv_cpu == new_patch->equiv_cpu) { if (p->patch_id >= new_patch->patch_id) { /* we already have the latest patch */ kfree(new_patch->data); kfree(new_patch); return; } list_replace(&p->plist, &new_patch->plist); kfree(p->data); kfree(p); return; } } /* no patch found, add it */ list_add_tail(&new_patch->plist, µcode_cache); } static void free_cache(void) { struct ucode_patch *p, *tmp; list_for_each_entry_safe(p, tmp, µcode_cache, plist) { __list_del(p->plist.prev, p->plist.next); kfree(p->data); kfree(p); } } static struct ucode_patch *find_patch(unsigned int cpu) { u16 equiv_id; equiv_id = __find_equiv_id(cpu); if (!equiv_id) return NULL; return cache_find_patch(equiv_id); } static int collect_cpu_info_amd(int cpu, struct cpu_signature *csig) { struct cpuinfo_x86 *c = &cpu_data(cpu); struct ucode_cpu_info *uci = ucode_cpu_info + cpu; struct ucode_patch *p; csig->sig = cpuid_eax(0x00000001); csig->rev = c->microcode; /* * a patch could have been loaded early, set uci->mc so that * mc_bp_resume() can call apply_microcode() */ p = find_patch(cpu); if (p && (p->patch_id == csig->rev)) uci->mc = p->data; pr_info("CPU%d: patch_level=0x%08x\n", cpu, csig->rev); return 0; } static enum ucode_state apply_microcode_amd(int cpu) { struct cpuinfo_x86 *c = &cpu_data(cpu); struct microcode_amd *mc_amd; struct ucode_cpu_info *uci; struct ucode_patch *p; enum ucode_state ret; u32 rev, dummy __always_unused; BUG_ON(raw_smp_processor_id() != cpu); uci = ucode_cpu_info + cpu; p = find_patch(cpu); if (!p) return UCODE_NFOUND; mc_amd = p->data; uci->mc = p->data; rdmsr(MSR_AMD64_PATCH_LEVEL, rev, dummy); /* need to apply patch? */ if (rev >= mc_amd->hdr.patch_id) { ret = UCODE_OK; goto out; } if (__apply_microcode_amd(mc_amd)) { pr_err("CPU%d: update failed for patch_level=0x%08x\n", cpu, mc_amd->hdr.patch_id); return UCODE_ERROR; } rev = mc_amd->hdr.patch_id; ret = UCODE_UPDATED; pr_info("CPU%d: new patch_level=0x%08x\n", cpu, rev); out: uci->cpu_sig.rev = rev; c->microcode = rev; /* Update boot_cpu_data's revision too, if we're on the BSP: */ if (c->cpu_index == boot_cpu_data.cpu_index) boot_cpu_data.microcode = rev; return ret; } static size_t install_equiv_cpu_table(const u8 *buf, size_t buf_size) { u32 equiv_tbl_len; const u32 *hdr; if (!verify_equivalence_table(buf, buf_size, false)) return 0; hdr = (const u32 *)buf; equiv_tbl_len = hdr[2]; equiv_table.entry = vmalloc(equiv_tbl_len); if (!equiv_table.entry) { pr_err("failed to allocate equivalent CPU table\n"); return 0; } memcpy(equiv_table.entry, buf + CONTAINER_HDR_SZ, equiv_tbl_len); equiv_table.num_entries = equiv_tbl_len / sizeof(struct equiv_cpu_entry); /* add header length */ return equiv_tbl_len + CONTAINER_HDR_SZ; } static void free_equiv_cpu_table(void) { vfree(equiv_table.entry); memset(&equiv_table, 0, sizeof(equiv_table)); } static void cleanup(void) { free_equiv_cpu_table(); free_cache(); } /* * Return a non-negative value even if some of the checks failed so that * we can skip over the next patch. If we return a negative value, we * signal a grave error like a memory allocation has failed and the * driver cannot continue functioning normally. In such cases, we tear * down everything we've used up so far and exit. */ static int verify_and_add_patch(u8 family, u8 *fw, unsigned int leftover, unsigned int *patch_size) { struct microcode_header_amd *mc_hdr; struct ucode_patch *patch; u16 proc_id; int ret; ret = verify_patch(family, fw, leftover, patch_size, false); if (ret) return ret; patch = kzalloc(sizeof(*patch), GFP_KERNEL); if (!patch) { pr_err("Patch allocation failure.\n"); return -EINVAL; } patch->data = kmemdup(fw + SECTION_HDR_SIZE, *patch_size, GFP_KERNEL); if (!patch->data) { pr_err("Patch data allocation failure.\n"); kfree(patch); return -EINVAL; } patch->size = *patch_size; mc_hdr = (struct microcode_header_amd *)(fw + SECTION_HDR_SIZE); proc_id = mc_hdr->processor_rev_id; INIT_LIST_HEAD(&patch->plist); patch->patch_id = mc_hdr->patch_id; patch->equiv_cpu = proc_id; pr_debug("%s: Added patch_id: 0x%08x, proc_id: 0x%04x\n", __func__, patch->patch_id, proc_id); /* ... and add to cache. */ update_cache(patch); return 0; } static enum ucode_state __load_microcode_amd(u8 family, const u8 *data, size_t size) { u8 *fw = (u8 *)data; size_t offset; offset = install_equiv_cpu_table(data, size); if (!offset) return UCODE_ERROR; fw += offset; size -= offset; if (*(u32 *)fw != UCODE_UCODE_TYPE) { pr_err("invalid type field in container file section header\n"); free_equiv_cpu_table(); return UCODE_ERROR; } while (size > 0) { unsigned int crnt_size = 0; int ret; ret = verify_and_add_patch(family, fw, size, &crnt_size); if (ret < 0) return UCODE_ERROR; fw += crnt_size + SECTION_HDR_SIZE; size -= (crnt_size + SECTION_HDR_SIZE); } return UCODE_OK; } static enum ucode_state load_microcode_amd(u8 family, const u8 *data, size_t size) { struct cpuinfo_x86 *c; unsigned int nid, cpu; struct ucode_patch *p; enum ucode_state ret; /* free old equiv table */ free_equiv_cpu_table(); ret = __load_microcode_amd(family, data, size); if (ret != UCODE_OK) { cleanup(); return ret; } for_each_node(nid) { cpu = cpumask_first(cpumask_of_node(nid)); c = &cpu_data(cpu); p = find_patch(cpu); if (!p) continue; if (c->microcode >= p->patch_id) continue; ret = UCODE_NEW; memset(&amd_ucode_patch[nid], 0, PATCH_MAX_SIZE); memcpy(&amd_ucode_patch[nid], p->data, min_t(u32, p->size, PATCH_MAX_SIZE)); } return ret; } /* * AMD microcode firmware naming convention, up to family 15h they are in * the legacy file: * * amd-ucode/microcode_amd.bin * * This legacy file is always smaller than 2K in size. * * Beginning with family 15h, they are in family-specific firmware files: * * amd-ucode/microcode_amd_fam15h.bin * amd-ucode/microcode_amd_fam16h.bin * ... * * These might be larger than 2K. */ static enum ucode_state request_microcode_amd(int cpu, struct device *device, bool refresh_fw) { char fw_name[36] = "amd-ucode/microcode_amd.bin"; struct cpuinfo_x86 *c = &cpu_data(cpu); enum ucode_state ret = UCODE_NFOUND; const struct firmware *fw; /* reload ucode container only on the boot cpu */ if (!refresh_fw) return UCODE_OK; if (c->x86 >= 0x15) snprintf(fw_name, sizeof(fw_name), "amd-ucode/microcode_amd_fam%.2xh.bin", c->x86); if (request_firmware_direct(&fw, (const char *)fw_name, device)) { pr_debug("failed to load file %s\n", fw_name); goto out; } ret = UCODE_ERROR; if (!verify_container(fw->data, fw->size, false)) goto fw_release; ret = load_microcode_amd(c->x86, fw->data, fw->size); fw_release: release_firmware(fw); out: return ret; } static enum ucode_state request_microcode_user(int cpu, const void __user *buf, size_t size) { return UCODE_ERROR; } static void microcode_fini_cpu_amd(int cpu) { struct ucode_cpu_info *uci = ucode_cpu_info + cpu; uci->mc = NULL; } static struct microcode_ops microcode_amd_ops = { .request_microcode_user = request_microcode_user, .request_microcode_fw = request_microcode_amd, .collect_cpu_info = collect_cpu_info_amd, .apply_microcode = apply_microcode_amd, .microcode_fini_cpu = microcode_fini_cpu_amd, }; struct microcode_ops * __init init_amd_microcode(void) { struct cpuinfo_x86 *c = &boot_cpu_data; if (c->x86_vendor != X86_VENDOR_AMD || c->x86 < 0x10) { pr_warn("AMD CPU family 0x%x not supported\n", c->x86); return NULL; } if (ucode_new_rev) pr_info_once("microcode updated early to new patch_level=0x%08x\n", ucode_new_rev); return µcode_amd_ops; } void __exit exit_amd_microcode(void) { cleanup(); }